Manufacture of composite products



Aug. 8, 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVEN'I'OR lfmz. paw/41w ATTORNEYS WITNESS .26?

Aug. 8, 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF comrosxm PRODUCTS Filed June 4 1941 17 Shee cs-Sheet 2 g 3 w i INVENTOR I 17/131. pflMMfl/V/V WITNESS ATTORNEYS Aug. 8, 19.44.

K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 3 M S m H M m E o W m IIL IA w K B Aug. 8, 1944.

WI'TN ESS K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE 'OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR AflmjflM/ m/m/ BY ATTORN EYS 1944- U K. DAMMANN 2,355,424

MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS ATTORNEYS Aug. 8, 1,944.

K. DAMMANN' MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 6 I FI lLllu ul'hhh" N "."Ll

4. I e r I MIDI-ml]HUI UDLHUUDIIDDDUHUHUEIIIUI N .5 mm w. W m mflm m w Aug. 8, 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 I7 Sheets-Sheet '7 Filed June 4. 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 8 ATTORNEYS WITNE SS Aug. 8 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheefs-Sheef 9 i i MT Q SQ 5% m3 .QQ

QINVENTOR" 169m jflMmM/v 1 W M ATTORNEYS -K. DAMMANN 2,355,424

MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUTS Aug. 8, 1944.

Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet l0 ATTORNEYS g- 944. K, DAMMANN 2,355,424

MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 11.

Aug. 8, 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS 17 Sheets-Sheet 12 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS *aunuuuuuuuuununnnnuuuuunlljj mnuuuuunnnm 1 WITNESS Aug; 8, 1944.

K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 13 WITNESS 5m INVENTOR A1942 jflM/VAI/V/V Y 7 1A4,

ATTORNEYS 4 K. DAMMANN 2,355,424

MANUFAC'fURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Shets-Sheet 14 lllllll' l] ll l l WITNES S INVENTOR 6, ff Kmz jam/ mm ATTORN'EYS K. DAMMANN 2,355,424

MANUFACTURE OF COMPQSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 15 Aug. 8, 1944.

WITNESS Aug. 8, 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS 17 shet's-shet 16 Filed June 4, 1941 INVENTOR KmLj/w/vmv/v BY FR M ATTORNEYS WITNESS- Aug. 8, 1944. K. DAMMANN MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS Filed June 4, 1941 17 Sheets-Sheet 17- j I l I 1 I I I I I INVENTOR KJ/ujmwrmw Q ATTORNEYS Aug. 1944 UNITED I STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,355,424 MANUFACTURE or composure raopnc'rs' Karl Dammanm Trenton, NIL, assignor to Paterson Parchment Paper Oompany,,Bristol, l'a..' -a corporation of New Jersey v Application June 4, 1941 Serial No. 383,498 18 Claims. (c1. 91-18) This injention relstesto the manufacture of K composite products composed of sheets or webs of fabric material such as, paper and layers of appliedmaterial by use of the method which includes joining the applied materialwith the 5 web in a molten condition through the medium of a pick-up roller which is dipped into the molten bath of such material and a-roller which transfers it from the pick-up roller to a surface of the web. l'airly satisfactory results have been at- .10 tained in the past by this method in applying materials having low melting points and relative y low viscosities, such as, forexample, parailin. .On

the otherhand, where-the material is a highly viscous material and has to be applied at a rela- I5 tively high temperature, around 450 I"., numerous diillculties have been encountered. A mate- I rial of high viscosity has the tendency when pickedup by the pick-up roller from the molten products, whether it be a single web having one or more layers of the same or dlflerent compositions, or a plurality of ;or laminated webs of the. same or different materials having one or more layers of the same 'or different kinds of applied materials therebetween.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent after a perusal of the following description, read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a form of the machine for making a two-ply strip of fabric material; l lg. 2 is a view of a form of-the machine for applying a double layer to one side of the fabric material; Fig. 3-is.a side elevational view of a portion of the machine and showing, in

. enlarged view, the feed end 'or left-hand portion bath, ,to come in blobs'and widely varying thickpresses and cannot be made uniform by the mere passage between the pick-up roller and the transfer roller. The result is that suchmaterial is usually applied in a non-uniform mannerfto the surface of the web. Numeroussuggestions have as beenmade and various expedients have been tried by the art, but despite all eflorts to produce a satisfactory uniform layer with such material, the

art has so far been unsuccessful in' eliminating entirely thestreaked, uneven. and non-uniform 30 distribution of such material on the fabric material. Another 'dimcuity encountered not only with highly viscous materials but also with materials of low viscosity-and low melting points, is that tendency to become thicker along-the edges of the web so that it is practically always necessary in the manufacture of composite'sheets or webs to producing a layer having a ace. is the removal of air entrapped air is removed,',the layer does not have ever there are entrapped air bubbles, there isa weakness-in thebindlng of the laminated'sheets' product is broken and materially impaired.

' The object of the invention is to provide! Ina-- chine fccmanu'facturing composite sheets'for webs.

which is adaptable to theproducing-in a or the machine illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings; Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 31and illustrating the remainder of the machine with the exception of the take-up roller: Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevational view of the feed control rollers and their associated guide andpreheating rollers; Fig. 8 is a front elevational view of the feed control rollers illustrated in Fig. 5, several of the parts being shown in section to illustrate their constructions; Fig.7 is a front elevational view of one of the guide and preheating rollers of the machine; Fig. 8 is a plan view,-taken on the line 0-8, of the roller illustrated in Fig. 7,,sev-

'eral of, the parts being shown in section; Fig; 9'is an enlarged detail section of a portion of theadlusting mechanism associated with-the roller 11- lustrated in Fig. 7; Fig. 10 is a side elevation view during the smoothing steps, the material/ha the 35,

ofthe applying rollers and associated heated I guide rollers; Fi 11 is a front elevational view and theuniform appearance of the composite of the applying mechanism; taken along the line Y ll-tl of Fig. 10: Fig. 12 isan enlarged side ele I mechanism illustrated in Fig912; Fig; 15 is a view a. smooth unbroken surface and a uniform ap- Thisprobleniis of special importance in of laminated sheets for.whersimilar to Fig. 12, but looking from the other side of the machine; Fig. 16 is a plan view of the oscil-' lating distributing roller and its opa-ating mech I .anism; Fig. 17 is a front eievational view-of the inechanisnfshown in- Fig. 18; 1'13. 18 is a side elevational view of the mechanism shown inFlgs. i6

and i! looking fromthe left of such ileum; Pig.

ioisa op'pianviewofthemuiti ie rollers: l'ls. 20-h an enlarged longitudinal sectional viswofthe 'illustratedln Fig.

, single operation, of any type of-such 19, the portionof such mechanism asaociatedwith the bearing brackets being shown in rear elevation; Fig. 21 is a section taken along the line' smoothing rollers; Fig. 25 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the doctor blade; Fig.

26 is a front elevational view of a portion of the doctor bladQ whichis shown in complete form in tively will be such that the strip or web of fabric material, such as, paper in a desired form, and designated by the reference character .A in Fig. 2

Fig. 11 of the drawingiu'Fig. 27 is an enlarged detail in plan view of the cam actuating mechanism for the doctor blade; Fig. 28 is an enlarged plan .view of the waxing pan associated with the applying mechanism; Fig. 29 is a section taken along the line 28-22 of Fig. 28; Fig. 30 is a section taken along the line 30-40 of Fig. 28; Fig. 31 is aside elevational view of a complete section and a portion of an adjacent section of the supporting base or frame; Fig. 32 is a front elevational view of the complete section illustrated in Fig. 31 and looking from the left of such figure; Fig. 33. is a front. elevational view, partly in section, of one 01' the cooling rollers and associated mechanism;- Fig. 34 is a diagrammatic view, in side elevation, of a form of the machine for applying a single heavy layer to a strip of fabric material; Fig, 35'

is ai'ront elevational view, partly broken away,

of the distributing mechanism in the machine illustrated in Fig. 34 of the drawings; Fig. 36 is a side elevational view of the mechanism shown in Fig". 35; Fig. 3'? is a sectional plan view of the mechanism illustrated in Fig. 35, the section being taken along the line 8'|--31 of Fig. 35, and Fig. 38 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the distributing mechanism illustrated in Figs, 35 to 37, inclusive; Fig. 39 is a cross-section, greatly enlarged, or a portion. of the intermediate product just after the applied material has been "joined to the web; Fig. 40 is a similar view illustrating the condition of the applied material after it has been worked by the reciprocating distributing roller; Fig. 41 is a similar view showing the condition of the applied material after it has been smoothed and polished by the multiple smoothof the drawings, is drawn from the supply reel 3 by a unit which is indicated generally by the let-' ter C and which controls the tension of the paper through the machine and prepares it for the ap plying operation. Thepaper then passes over roller E which distributes the applied material evenly over-the under surface of the strip of paper. From the oscillating distributing roller E the paper passes over a plurality of smoothing rolls in the unit F, which smooth and polish the layer of material on the under surface of the paper. As in the formation of the product under discussion, nothing further is to be added to the paper strip A, the remaining mechanisms illustrated in Fig. 2 of the drawings are by-passed, the paper strip passing directly from the unit F to'a cooling drum G and thence to a multipliclty ofcooling drums which are indicated generally by the reference letter H. After leaving the drums H the paper strip is wound up on a take-up reel M. The same mechanism may be utilized also for the application-of a relatively thicklayer of applied material to the paper strip. This can be accomplished also by means of the arrangement illustrated diagrammatically in Fig.

. unit F and thence to the cooling drum G. From ing rollers and Fig. 42 is a similar view of a laminated' productproduced in accordance with the ed to the production of a wide variety of fabric materials, such as, wrappers or containers or ba materials for the packaging of food products and other articles requiring protection in packaging, I

storage and/or shipment and for the protection of products while they are subjected to certainv conditions either produced artificially or encountered during storage and/or transportation, phonograph records, artificiah leathers,"and, in fact,

any. type of product composed of fabric material and a desired composition of'applied material,

his machine is' readily adapted in one continuous, uninterrupted operation. to apply to one side only' f-the fabric material or to apply to both sides thereof with thesame or different compositions, or 'to apply a plurality of layers of the same or different compositions to one side of thematerial, or to provide by 'means of the applied material a product composed of a plurality of plies or layers of the same or diflerent fabric material.

the cooling drum G, the paper strip is drawn to the cooling drums H and the take-up reel M, as has been explained. The unit D', the oscillating distributing roller E and the polishing,

mechanism F aresimilar in construction to the unit D, oscillating distributing roller}! and polishing unit F, respectively. I

Whenthe' paper is to be made in two plies with a layer of applied material intermediate the plies and another layer of applied material on one of the exterior surfaces of the plies, the several mechanisms are arranged in the manner illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. In this form of the machine, as in the form illustrated inFig. 2 of the drawings, the paper strip or web A is drawn from a supply reel A by the tensioncontrol unit C and passes from the latter over the upper roll of the device D, over the oscillating 'distributing roller E, over the multiple polishing rolls of the unit F and around the drum G which in;

stead of being cooled as in the case of thespiparatus shown iniFlg. 2, is heated to maintain the material in a softened or adhesive condition. At

the drum G there is superimposed on the side of the paper strb A to which the layer of material has been applied, a second paper strip A which is fed from a supply reel 1, through the tension control mechanism 0" which is similar in construction to unit 0 and from thence into enga8e- I ment with the layerfof material on the paper If the fabric material is to be given a single rela- N strip A. The'two strips of paper A and A with the applied layer of material sandwiched therethin layer. the arrangement 'of the machine between then pass from the drum G to nip rolls J by means of which the two strips of paper A and A are firmly secured together. The united strips of paper are then passed over a cooling drum K which sets the applied material between the two strips of paper. From the cooling drum K, the united strips of paper in their feed, pass over a device D which applies a layer of material to the under surface of the united strips and which is similar in construction to the devices D and D, over an oscillating distributing roller E" similar in construction to E and E, thence over a polishing unit F, which is similar in construction to units F and F, and thence over the rolls or drums of the cooling unit H, the product leaving the unit H then passing to the take-up reel M. It will be obvious, of course that with this machine layers of material can be applied to both sides of a single layer of the fabric material by simply interrupting the feed of the strip A from the supply reel I.

Inasmuch as the machine diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings contains all the mechanisms which may be' embodied in a machine for making a single ply of fabric material with a single layer of applied material, 'or a single ply of paper with a double layer of such material on one. surface thereof, or a single ply of paper layered on both sides, or a two-ply strip of paper with applied material intermediate the two layers thereof, or two such united strips with a second layer of material on the exterior surfaces thereof, although such mechanisms may not be arranged in the manner shown in such figure, the following description will be concerned more particularly with the form of themachine illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawings. Furthermore, in view of the similarity of several of the mechanisms and parts and the fact that a detailed description of a typical portion of themachine will suflice for an understanding of the construction and operation of similar portions, a detailed description of each typical portion only will be given. In this connection, it is to be pointed out that similar reference characters have been applied to similarly constructed parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

The flexibility and adaptiveness of the machine of this invention may be largely attributed to the .fact that the several mechanisms thereof are each substantially unitary and are mounted on a series of specially designed sections L which are similar in construction and interchangeable. As is illustrated more clearly in Figs. 31 and 32 of the drawings, each of the sections L is composed of two side frames, each of such side frames including a bottom railmember I which is substantially L-shaped in cross-section and which is provided with a plurality of a'ngularly-shaped bases or footings 2 for supporting the section on the floor. The bottom rail member I of each frame has integrally formed therewith aplurality of vertically disposed web members or struts 4 upon the upper ends of whichis sup-' ported the integral top rail 3. Each side frame member consisting of a bottom rail -I, spaced top.

rail 3 and integral webs l, is connected to the the apertures in the bottom and top rails, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 32 of the drawings. Thus no portion of the tie-rods 6 extend beyond the outer surfaces of the side frame members and they do not interfere with-the application of bearing brackets at such portions of the side frame members. Each section L is joined to an adjacent section L by means of bolts which extend through the angularly-shaped webs at the ends of each of such sections. The bottom rails I and the top rails 3 of each section are provided with a series of tap holes I and 8, respectively, the tap holes i on the bottom rails I being in vertical alignment and equally spaced with the tap holes 8 in the top rails 3. The tap holes in both the bottom and top rails are utilized to secure bracket members 9 to the section L (see Figs. 3

and 4 of the drawings), such brackets 9 serving as hearing brackets for the driving sprocket wheels or for supporting other mechanisms utilized. in the operation of the machine. Due to the fact that the tap holes I and 8 are arranged in the manner described, the brackets 9 may be shifted to any desired position relative to either one of the sections L or to the" machine as a whole.

Provided in each of the top rails 3 of the section L is a longitudinally extending recess or slot I02. The inner end of each slot I02 is enlarged a typical example of the manner in which this is tions of the feed control unit G. It will be obdesignated I 04 in Figs. 10 and 11 of the drawings, which are inverted in position and have their heads disposed in the enlarged portions I03 of the slots I02. The heads of the bolts are therefore retained in the slots I02 of the section L by the longitudinally extendingflanges fo'rmed'by the enlarged portions I03 of the slots I02 and the opposite threaded ends of the bolts I04 which extend upwardly above the base rails I00 are provided with locking nuts. The .base rails I00 of. each unit are each provided also with a positioning hole intermediate its ends (see for example, the hole designated I05 in Fig. 5 of the drawings) through which a pin is inserted during the adjustment of the unit on the section L, and

- into one of a series of holes I00 providedin the section L. As is illustrated in Fig. 31 of the drawother side frame member of the section L by means of four tie-rods 0, two of which extend through apertures provided in the ends, of the bottom rails I and two of which extend through apertures provided in the ends of the top rails 3. Each tie-rod 6 has a length less than the outside width of the section and the outer nuts securing the tie rods to the side frame members are posiings, the holes I06 in each top rail 3 are close together and, in the-actual machine, should be spaced approximately one inch apart so that substantial accuracy'of the-unit with respect to the section L upon which it is mounted may be obtained before the nuts on the bolts I04 are tightened to secure such unit on its respective section or sections L. 

